Xpen is a formulation of benzylpenicillin, commonly known as Penicillin G. It is an injectable antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Benzylpenicillin is effective against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria.
Key Features
- Active Ingredient: Benzylpenicillin sodium (Penicillin G).
- Formulation: Available as a powder for injection, which must be reconstituted with sterile water or saline prior to administration.
Indications
Xpen is indicated for the treatment of:
- Severe Infections: Such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia.
- Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Including cellulitis and wound infections.
- Respiratory Tract Infections: Effective for infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria.
- Syphilis and Other STIs: Treatment of syphilis and certain other sexually transmitted infections.
Dosage and Administration
- Dosage: The dosage varies depending on the severity of the infection:
- Adults: Typically, 600 mg to 3,600 mg daily, divided into multiple doses. For serious infections like meningitis, higher doses (up to 14.4 g/day) may be administered.
- Children: Dosing is based on body weight, generally around 50,000 IU (30 mg)/kg every 6 hours.
- Administration Method: Can be administered via intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) routes. It should not be given intravenously unless specifically indicated due to the risk of severe reactions.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
- Allergic reactions (rashes, itching).
- Pain at the injection site.
Serious side effects requiring immediate medical attention include:
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in syphilis treatment (fever, chills).
- Convulsions or neurological symptoms in cases of rapid IV administration or high doses.
Precautions
- Contraindications: Should not be administered to patients with a known allergy to penicillin or related antibiotics.
- Caution in Specific Populations: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment or those who are pregnant/breastfeeding; consult a healthcare provider for guidance.
- Drug Interactions: Inform healthcare providers about any other medications being taken to avoid potential interactions.
