Spironolactone is a medication primarily used as a diuretic (water pill) and an antihypertensive agent. It is effective in treating conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and certain cases of edema (fluid retention). The specific formulation mentioned, 25mg tablets, typically comes in a pack of 10 strips of 10 tablets each.
Key Features
- Dosage: Each tablet contains 25 mg of spironolactone.
- Formulation: Available in a tablet form for oral administration.
Indications
Spironolactone is prescribed for:
- Hypertension: Helps lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
- Heart Failure: Used to manage symptoms and improve outcomes in heart failure patients.
- Edema: Effective in reducing fluid retention associated with liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, or congestive heart failure.
- Hormonal Disorders: Sometimes used to treat conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hirsutism due to its anti-androgen effects.
Mechanism of Action
Spironolactone works by antagonizing aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion. By blocking aldosterone, spironolactone increases sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium.
Dosage and Administration
- The typical starting dose for adults is 25 mg to 100 mg per day, depending on the condition being treated.
- It can be taken with or without food, but consistency in how it is taken is important for maintaining stable blood levels.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Hyperkalemia: Elevated potassium levels, which can lead to serious heart problems.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness: Especially when standing up quickly.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps.
- Menstrual Irregularities: Changes in menstrual cycles or breast tenderness.
- Gynecomastia: Breast enlargement in males.
Serious side effects that require immediate medical attention include:
- Signs of liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
- Severe allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, swelling).
- Symptoms of dehydration or kidney issues (decreased urination, extreme thirst).
Precautions
- Kidney Function: Monitor kidney function regularly, especially if there are pre-existing conditions.
- Potassium Levels: Patients should avoid potassium-rich supplements or salt substitutes while on spironolactone.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use if pregnant or breastfeeding.
