Methyldopa is an oral antihypertensive medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is classified as a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, which helps to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Key Uses
Methyldopa is indicated for:
- Hypertension: It effectively lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in the blood, allowing blood vessels to relax and widen.
- Pregnancy: Methyldopa is often preferred for treating hypertension in pregnant women due to its safety profile.
Mechanism of Action
Methyldopa is converted in the body to alpha-methyl norepinephrine, which stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system. This action reduces sympathetic outflow, leading to decreased peripheral resistance and lower blood pressure without significantly affecting heart rate or renal blood flow.
Dosage and Administration
- Recommended Dosage: The typical starting dose for adults is 250 mg to 500 mg, taken two to three times daily. The dosage may be adjusted based on response and tolerance, with a maximum daily dose usually not exceeding 3000 mg.
- Administration Instructions: Take methyldopa with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush or chew.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Drowsiness or sedation
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Weakness or fatigue
- Swelling of the feet or hands
Serious side effects can include:
- Liver Problems: Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, and abdominal pain.
- Allergic Reactions: Signs include rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat, and difficulty breathing.
- Lactic Acidosis: A rare but serious condition that can occur with symptoms like muscle pain, weakness, and unusual tiredness.
Precautions
- Contraindications: Avoid use in individuals with active liver disease or hypersensitivity to methyldopa.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Generally considered safe during pregnancy; however, consult a healthcare provider.
- Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, as methyldopa can interact with other drugs.
