Metformin 1000mg (Denk) is an oral medication primarily used to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is part of the biguanide class of medications and is often prescribed alongside diet and exercise to improve glycemic control.
Key Uses
Metformin is indicated for:
- Type 2 Diabetes Management: Helps lower blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Sometimes prescribed off-label to help regulate menstrual cycles and improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.
- Prediabetes: May be used to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals with elevated blood sugar levels.
Mechanism of Action
Metformin works through several mechanisms:
- Reduces Hepatic Glucose Production: Decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver.
- Increases Insulin Sensitivity: Enhances the effectiveness of insulin, promoting better glucose uptake by cells.
- Decreases Intestinal Absorption of Glucose: Reduces the absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract.
Dosage and Administration
- Recommended Dosage: The typical starting dose for adults is 500 mg to 1000 mg taken twice daily, with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. The maximum recommended daily dose is usually 2000 mg to 2500 mg, depending on individual tolerance and physician recommendations.
- Administration Instructions:
- Take metformin with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort.
- Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
- Loss of appetite or a metallic taste in the mouth.
Serious side effects can include:
- Lactic Acidosis: A rare but serious condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood, which can be life-threatening. Symptoms include extreme fatigue, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and stomach pain.
- Allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling.
Precautions
- Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals with severe kidney disease or those who have had a history of lactic acidosis.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
