Dextros 5% (commonly referred to as Dextrose 5% in Water) is an intravenous (IV) solution used primarily for fluid replacement and nutritional support. It contains 5% dextrose (glucose) in water, making it a carbohydrate solution that provides energy and hydration.
Key Features
- Composition: Each 100 ml of the solution contains 5 grams of dextrose (50 mg/ml).
- Volume: Available in a 500 ml bottle or bag for infusion.
Indications
Dextros 5% is indicated for:
- Treatment of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
- Providing hydration and calories in patients unable to consume food orally.
- Replenishing fluids and carbohydrates in cases of dehydration due to illness, injury, or surgery.
- Acting as a diluent for other medications administered intravenously.
Mechanism of Action
Dextrose serves as a source of carbohydrates, which are essential for energy production in the body. Upon infusion, it quickly raises blood sugar levels, providing immediate energy to cells.
Dosage and Administration
- Administration: Dextros 5% should be administered intravenously by a healthcare professional. The rate and volume will depend on the patient's condition and response to treatment.
- Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential during administration to prevent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Reactions at the injection site (pain, swelling, redness).
- Flushing or warmth due to rapid infusion.
Serious side effects can include:
- Hyperglycemia symptoms (increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue).
- Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, difficulty breathing).
- Fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.
If severe reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention.
Precautions
- Contraindications: Not recommended for patients with known allergies to dextrose or those with hyperglycemia.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Diabetes Management: Patients with diabetes should use this product under strict medical supervision to manage blood sugar levels effectively.
