Coartem, also known as Lumartem, is a combination medication containing artemether (20 mg) and lumefantrine (120 mg). It is primarily used for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. This medication is particularly effective in areas where resistance to other antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine, has been reported.
Key Uses
Coartem is indicated for:
- Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria: Specifically effective against Plasmodium falciparum infections in patients aged 2 months and older who weigh at least 5 kg.
- Not for Prevention: Coartem is not approved for the prevention of malaria or for the treatment of severe or complicated malaria.
Mechanism of Action
- Artemether: A fast-acting antimalarial that disrupts the life cycle of the malaria parasites in the blood.
- Lumefantrine: Works to eliminate remaining parasites and prevent recurrence, providing a longer duration of action.
Dosage and Administration
- Dosage Schedule: Coartem is typically administered over a period of 3 days, consisting of a total of 6 doses. It should be taken with food to enhance absorption.
Adult Dosage:
- For adults and children weighing 35 kg or more:
- Initial Dose: 4 tablets
- Second Dose (after 8 hours): 4 tablets
- Subsequent Doses: 4 tablets twice daily (morning and evening) for the next two days (total course: 24 tablets).
Pediatric Dosage:
- For children based on weight:
- 5 kg to <15 kg: 1 tablet initially, then 1 tablet after 8 hours, followed by 1 tablet twice daily for the next two days (total course: 6 tablets).
- 15 kg to <25 kg: 2 tablets initially, then 2 tablets after 8 hours, followed by 2 tablets twice daily for the next two days (total course: 12 tablets).
- 25 kg to <35 kg: 3 tablets initially, then 3 tablets after 8 hours, followed by 3 tablets twice daily for the next two days (total course: 18 tablets).
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fatigue
Serious side effects can include:
- Allergic reactions
- QT interval prolongation (affecting heart rhythm)
Warnings and Precautions
- Contraindications: Not suitable for patients with known hypersensitivity to artemether or lumefantrine. Caution is advised when administering to patients with a history of heart rhythm disorders.
- Drug Interactions: Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine) as they can decrease the effectiveness of Coartem.
Storage
Store Coartem tablets at room temperature (below 30°C), away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
