Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent blood clots in individuals at risk for cardiovascular events. Each tablet contains 75 mg of clopidogrel and is typically packaged in a box containing 28 tablets.
Key Uses
Clopidogrel is indicated for:
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Including unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
- Myocardial Infarction: Prevention of further heart attacks in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
- Ischemic Stroke: Reducing the risk of stroke in patients who have experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke.
- Peripheral Arterial Disease: Prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with established peripheral vascular disease.
Mechanism of Action
Clopidogrel works by irreversibly binding to the P2Y12 ADP receptor on platelets, inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. This action helps prevent the formation of blood clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
Dosage and Administration
- Recommended Dosage: The typical maintenance dose is 75 mg once daily. It can be taken with or without food.
- Loading Dose: In certain cases, such as acute coronary syndrome, a loading dose of 300 mg may be administered before starting the maintenance dose.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Bleeding (including nosebleeds and easy bruising)
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Headache
Serious side effects can include:
- Severe bleeding (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage)
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), a rare but serious condition that affects blood clotting
Warnings and Precautions
- Contraindications: Clopidogrel should not be used in patients with active bleeding (e.g., peptic ulcer disease, intracranial hemorrhage).
- Caution in Specific Populations: Use cautiously in patients with a history of bleeding disorders or those undergoing surgery.
- Drug Interactions: Clopidogrel can interact with certain medications, including proton pump inhibitors and other anticoagulants, which may affect its efficacy.
Storage
Store Clopidogrel tablets at room temperature (below 25°C), away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
