Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections. The 250mg capsules are typically packaged in a box containing 10 strips of 10 capsules each, making it suitable for various treatment regimens.
Key Uses
Chloramphenicol is indicated for the treatment of:
- Typhoid Fever: Particularly effective when other antibiotics are ineffective.
- Bacterial Infections: Effective against infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, including those affecting the throat, ears, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissues.
- Severe Infections: Used in cases where other antibiotics are not suitable due to resistance or severity.
Mechanism of Action
Chloramphenicol works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the bacterial ribosome, preventing the formation of essential proteins necessary for bacterial growth and reproduction. This action helps to control and eliminate the infection.
Dosage and Administration
- Adults: The usual dosage is typically 500 mg every 6 hours, but this may vary based on the severity of the infection. The total daily dose should not exceed 4 grams.
- Children: Dosage for pediatric patients is generally based on weight and should be determined by a healthcare provider.
Chloramphenicol capsules should be taken orally on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
Serious side effects can occur, including:
- Aplastic anemia (a serious condition where the bone marrow does not produce sufficient blood cells)
- Gray syndrome in newborns (characterized by symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal distension, and cyanosis)
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching)
Warnings and Precautions
- Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol or those with certain blood disorders.
- Blood Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood counts is recommended due to the risk of bone marrow suppression.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use if pregnant or breastfeeding, as chloramphenicol can cross the placenta and may affect nursing infants.
Storage
Store Chloramphenicol capsules at room temperature (below 25°C), away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
